Hypothyroidism Specialist

What is hypothyroidism?

The thyroid is a gland located at the base of the neck which produces hormones essential for metabolism and other functions, like regulating body temperature. Hypothyroidism is a condition that occurs when the gland becomes underactive and does not produce enough of these hormones, or when it stops producing the hormones entirely. By contrast, hyperthyroidism is a condition that occurs when the thyroid is overactive and produces too many hormones.

What causes hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism can be caused by different factors, including liver disease, some genetic or inherited disorders, nutritional deficiencies, immune system problems, and chronic stress. Some types of medication can also interfere with thyroid function, causing it to produce fewer hormones. The condition also occurs more frequently among older people, especially older women.

What symptoms are associated with hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism typically begins with very mild symptoms, but as the disease progresses, the symptoms can become much more pronounced and serious. Some of the more common symptoms include:

• persistent fatigue

• weight gain

• constipation

• dry skin

• heightened sensitivity to cold temperatures

• abnormal periods

• thinning hair

• slow heart rate

• muscle or joint pain

• depression

• problems with memory

Without treatment, hypothyroidism can become life-threatening, causing extremely low blood pressure, low body temperature and suppressed respiration (a condition called myxedema).

How is hypothyroidism treated?

Hypothyroidism typically can be treated with medication using a hormone replacement product to perform the same tasks as the hormones that are normally produced by the thyroid gland. Patients who have hypothyroidism usually must remain on their medication for the rest of their lives, undergoing routine blood tests to monitor their levels of hormones so the dosage of their medication can be adjusted. Having regular blood tests is essential since taking too much of the medication can cause serious side effects like heart palpitations, feelings of shakiness or "jitters,"  and insomnia.