Thyroid Cancer Specialist

Why does thyroid cancer occur?

Thyroid cancer develops when the cells in the thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck, begin to grow and proliferate erratically. Although the underlying cause is not known, research has shown this type of cancer is more prevalent among women and those who have been exposed to a substantial amount of radiation, as well as those with certain types of inherited disorders.

What kinds of symptoms does thyroid cancer cause?

The hormones produced by the thyroid gland play a major role in metabolism, or the process the body uses to convert food into energy the body can use, and they also help regulate heartbeat and body temperature. In the early stages of cancer, very few symptoms may be present. As the disease progresses, a palpable lump may form beneath the skin at the base of the neck, and the voice may begin to sound raspy, “whispery” or hoarse. There may be areas of aching, swelling or tenderness in the neck and problems with swallowing can also develop.

What methods are used to diagnose thyroid cancer?

Diagnosis starts with a physical examination of the neck to check for areas of swelling and tenderness. Diagnostic imaging may be ordered as well as blood work to check for markers associated with cancer. A small tissue sample may be removed from the gland during a procedure called a thyroid biopsy which uses a long, hollow needle to extract the tissue so it can be evaluated under a microscope.

What treatments are available for thyroid cancer?

Thyroid cancer is highly treatable in most cases. Treatment options can include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and use of biologics, as well as surgery to remove the gland. The specific approach to treatment will depend on the extent of cancer, the overall health of the patient and other factors.